{"@context":"https://w3id.org/openbadges/v2","id":"https://milestone.campuslabs.com/api/v20/badge/363773718/","uid":"363773718","name":"Statistics","description":"The Statistics badge encompasses basic statistical methods as they apply to education and other fields. Topics include frequency distributions and their representations, measures of central tendency and dispersion, elementary probability, statistical sampling theory, testing hypotheses, non-parametric methods, linear regression, correlation and analysis of variance.","type":"BadgeClass","image":"https://milestone.campuslabs.com/milestone/media/badge_image_uploads/2025/01/27/HC_SA_Mathematics_Statistics_F.png","criteria":{"id":"https://milestone.campuslabs.com/org/1323717515/badge/363773718","narrative":":multi: This FOUNDATIONAL level badge is equivalent to a 3-credit, master's level course. Earning a grade of B or better is required for this badge. -- 1.\tUnderstand why data beat anecdotes.\n2.\tUnderstand why variability is natural, predictable and quantifiable.\n3.\tUnderstand why random sampling allows results of surveys and experiments to be extended to the population from which the sample was taken.\n4.\tUnderstand why random assignment in comparative experiments allows cause-and-effect conclusions to be drawn.\n5.\tUnderstand why association is not causation.\n6.\tUnderstand why statistical significance does not necessarily imply practical importance, especially for studies with large sample sizes.\n7.\tUnderstand why finding no statistically significant difference or relationship does not necessarily mean there is no difference or no relationship in the population, especially for studies with small sample sizes.\n8.\tRecognize common sources of bias in surveys and experiments.\n9.\tRecognize how to determine the population to which the results of statistical inference can be extended, if any, based on how the data were collected.\n10.\tRecognize how to determine when a cause-and-effect inference can be drawn from an association based on how the data were collected (e.g., the design of the study).\n11.\tRecognize that words such as “normal,\" “random” and “correlation” have specific meanings in statistics that may differ from common usage.\n12.\tRecognize when to call for help from a statistician.\n13.\tUnderstand how to obtain or generate data.\n14.\tUnderstand how to graph the data as a first step in analyzing data and how to know when that’s enough to answer the question of interest.\n15.\tUnderstand how to interpret numerical summaries and graphical displays of data.\n16.\tUnderstand how to make appropriate use of statistical inference.\n17.\tUnderstand how to communicate the results of a statistical analysis. \n18.\tUnderstand how to interpret statistical results in context.\n19.\tUnderstand how to critique news stories and journal articles that include statistical information, including identifying what’s missing in the presentation and the flaws in the studies or methods used to generate the information.\n20.\tUnderstand the concept of a sampling distribution and how it applies to making statistical inferences based on samples of data, including the idea of standard error.\n21.\tUnderstand the concept of statistical significance, including significance levels and p-values.\n22.\tUnderstand the concept of confidence interval, including the interpretation of confidence level and margin of error.. "},"issuer":"https://milestone.campuslabs.com/api/v20/issuer/1323717515/","tags":["statistics","Probability","Data Analysis"],"alignment":[{"targetName":"Research","targetUrl":"https://www.hood.edu/offices-services/institutional-assessment/institutional-learning-outcomes","targetDescription":"The badge earner will identify and explore relevant questions and/or problems by accessing, evaluating, applying and/or conducting research using discipline-specific strategies.","targetCode":"GSO_Res"},{"targetName":"Critical Reasoning","targetUrl":"https://www.hood.edu/offices-services/institutional-assessment/institutional-learning-outcomes","targetDescription":"The badge earner will approach content and tasks with a critical awareness, framed by knowledge and skills appropriate to their discipline.","targetCode":"GSO_CriReas"},{"targetName":"Problem Solving","targetUrl":"https://www.hood.edu/offices-services/institutional-assessment/institutional-learning-outcomes","targetDescription":"The badge earner will apply advanced disciplinary content knowledge and strategies to understand and address problems and questions relevant to their discipline and to which they have not previously been introduced.","targetCode":"GSO_ProbSolv"}]}